Goal To enforce the principle of least privilege, you must explicitly grant SELECT privileges on views only to the specific users or roles that correspond to your applications. Instead of allowing broad access, ensuring that data exposed through views is restricted to dedicated service accounts helps maintain a secure and isolated database architecture.
Notes The query returns a row if there are less than three views that usage right is granted to some non-superuser. It could be that the user, which corresponds to an application, has some but not all the necessary privileges in the database. In this case the query will give false negative answer. The number in the condition (3) is an example and could be changed. The condition in the query ensures that if the requirement is not fulfilled, then the query returns one row, otherwise it does not return a row. The result is achieved by using a PostgreSQL feature that permits SELECT statements without the FROM clause.
Type Problem detection Each row in the result could represent a flaw in the design
Reliability Medium Medium number of false-positive results
License MIT (opens in new tab)
Data Source INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog
SQL Query 
WITH privs AS (SELECT DISTINCT tp.grantee, tp.table_schema, tp.table_name
FROM information_schema.table_privileges AS tp INNER JOIN information_schema.tables AS t
ON t.table_schema=tp.table_schema AND t.table_name=tp.table_name
WHERE t.table_type='VIEW' AND tp.table_schema NOT IN  (SELECT schema_name
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.schemata
WHERE schema_name<>'public' AND
schema_owner='postgres' AND schema_name IS NOT NULL)
AND grantee <> ALL (SELECT viewowner
FROM pg_catalog.pg_views AS pv
WHERE pv.schemaname=tp.table_schema AND pv.viewname=tp.table_name))
SELECT 'You must give rights to use views to the users/roles that correspond to applications' As comment
WHERE (SELECT Count(*) AS cnt FROM privs)<3;

Fixing Suggestion

Identify the roles mapping to your applications and explicitly provide them read access using the GRANT SELECT ON [view_name] TO [application_role]; command.

Collections

This query belongs to the following collections:

Find problems automatically

Queries, that results point to problems in the database. Each query in the collection produces an initial assessment. However, a human reviewer has the final say as to whether there is a problem or not .

NameDescription
Find problems automaticallyQueries, that results point to problems in the database. Each query in the collection produces an initial assessment. However, a human reviewer has the final say as to whether there is a problem or not .

Categories

This query is classified under the following categories:

Derived tables

Queries of this category provide information about the derived tables (views, materialized views), which are used to implement virtual data layer.

Security

Queries of this category provide information about the security measures.

NameDescription
Derived tablesQueries of this category provide information about the derived tables (views, materialized views), which are used to implement virtual data layer.
SecurityQueries of this category provide information about the security measures.