| 401 | Duplicate user-defined routines | Find user-defined routines with the exact duplicate body and parameters. There should not be multiple routines with exactly the same body and parameters (name, type). Having such duplicates is redundancy. Do remember that the same task can usually be solved in multiple different ways. Thus, the exact copies of routine bodies are not the only possible duplication. Moreover, it could be that different routines that solve the same task have different parameter names (but the parameters have the same types, ordinal positions, default values or the routines have different order of parameters). Thus, the query does not find all the duplications. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-11-05 11:59 | MIT License | |
| 402 | Duplicate views | Find views with exactly the same subquery. There should not be multiple views with exactly the same subquery. Do remember that the same task can be solved in SQL usually in multiple different ways. Thus, the exact copies are not the only possible duplication. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA only | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 403 | Duplication of case insensitivity specification in a regular expression | Find regular expressions that use both case insensitive search operator ~* and case insensitivity modifier (?i). | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-11-04 12:49 | MIT License | |
| 404 | Duplication of parent table CHECK constraints on the foreign key columns | Find duplicate constraints, which make it more difficult to maintain the constraints. Do remember that the same task can be solved in SQL usually in multiple different ways. Thus, the exact copies are not the only possible duplication. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:29 | MIT License | |
| 405 | Duplication of simple CHECK constraints on the same column | Find duplication of simple CHECK constraints on the same base table or foreign table column. Duplication of the same constraint means that if one starts to manage the code, then changes have to be made in multiple places. The problem is essentially similar with the data redundancy problem that database normalization tries to reduce. Do remember that the same task can be solved in SQL usually in multiple different ways. Thus, the exact copies are not the only possible duplication. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 406 | Each table is both referencing and referenced table (perhaps there is a cycle in relationships) | Find as to whether the relationships between tables form a complete bidirected graph. Tables are vertices in the graph. There is a directed edge between two vertices if one of the tables refers to another through foreign key relationship on mandatory columns. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2024-07-01 14:23 | MIT License | |
| 407 | Empty columns | Find columns in non-empty tables that do not contain any values. If there are no values in a columns, then it may mean that one hasn't tested constraints that have been declared to the column or implemented by using triggers. It could also mean that such columns are not needed at all. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:29 | MIT License | |
| 408 | Empty schemas | Find schemas without schema objects. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2022-11-04 15:30 | MIT License | |
| 409 | Empty tables | Find base tables where the number of rows is zero. If there are no rows in a table, then it may mean that one hasn't tested constraints that have been declared to the table or implemented by using triggers. It could also mean that the table is not needed because there is no data that should be registered in the table. | Problem detection | system catalog base tables only | 2022-10-21 15:55 | MIT License | |
| 410 | Enumerated or range types with the same name in different schemas | Find cases where in different schemas there are enumerated or range types with the same name. Types are like words that can be used to construct generalized claims about the real world (table predicates). Better not to duplicate the words in the dictionary. Also make sure that this is not a duplication. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 411 | Enumerated types with zero or one value | Fidn enumerated types with zero or one value. Type is a named finite set of values. The empty set is a set. A set with one value is a set. Thus, types with zero or one value are legal. In practical terms each type, usually, should contain at least two values. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 412 | Excessive privileges on databases, schemas, domains, types, languages, foreign data wrappers, and foreign servers | Find excessive privileges on databases, schemas, domains, collations, sequences, foreign data wrappers, and foreign servers that are probably not needed by a typical application. | Problem detection | system catalog base tables only | 2021-12-31 14:40 | MIT License | |
| 413 | Exclude constraint instead of simple UNIQUE | Find exclude constraints that implement a simple UNIQUE constraint. The checking might be slower compared to UNIQUE constraint. | Problem detection | system catalog base tables only | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 414 | Explicit locking is missing | PostgreSQL uses multiversion concurrency control (MVCC). SELECTs do not block modifications and vice versa. One has to take steps to achieve correct behaviour. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2024-12-13 14:57 | MIT License | |
| 415 | Explicit locking is missing (2) | Find user-defined routines that have a subquery in a DELETE or UPDATE statement without the FOR UPDATE clause. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2023-12-06 12:15 | MIT License | |
| 416 | Explicit locking is probably not needed | You do not need explicit locking (LOCK TABLE or SELECT … FOR UPDATE) in case of routines that only search some data but do not modify any data and do not raise any exception. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-11-04 12:08 | MIT License | |
| 417 | Extension routines that execution privilege has been granted to PUBLIC | Know the privileges that users have in your system. Probably all the database users do not need these privileges. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2021-02-25 17:30 | MIT License | |
| 418 | Extreme contraction | Find names that contain extremely short terms, due to an excessive word contraction, abbreviation, or acronym usage. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2024-12-21 17:20 | MIT License | |
| 419 | Field size is not sufficiently different in case of base table columns | Find base table columns that name refers to the possibility that these are used to register names. Find base table columns that name refers to the possibility that these are used to register comments/descriptions/etc. Find the cases where a base table contains columns from the both sets and the field size in case of the latter is not at least twice as big as in case of the former. For example, if the name of a service can be 100 character long, then it is quite illogical that the description of the service is only at most 200 characters long. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA only | 2021-03-27 18:51 | MIT License | |
| 420 | FILLFACTOR is probably too big | Find base tables in case of which the FILLFACTOR property has perhaps a too big value. Try to find base tables that probably encounter UPDATE operations. In the tables that have frequent updates you want to have free space in table pages (blocks) to accommodate new row versions, which the system automatically creates as a result of fulfilling UPDATE statements. If a new row version will be put to another page by the system, then it means that table indexes have to be updated as well. Thus, the more there are indexes, the more the table would benefit from keeping a new row version in the same page as the old version. | Problem detection | INFORMATION_SCHEMA+system catalog base tables | 2024-11-21 09:19 | MIT License | |